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Compare Arctic Ocean (2003) - Bermuda (2004)

Compare Arctic Ocean (2003) z Bermuda (2004)

 Arctic Ocean (2003)Bermuda (2004)
 Arctic OceanBermuda
Administrative divisions - 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys, Smith's, Southampton, Warwick
Age structure - 0-14 years: 19.1% (male 6,192; female 6,186)


15-64 years: 69.3% (male 22,268; female 22,703)


65 years and over: 11.7% (male 3,295; female 4,291) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products - bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products
Airports - 1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total: 14.056 million sq km


note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies		 total: 53.3 sq km


land: 53.3 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than 1.5 times the size of the US about one-third the size of Washington, DC
Background The Arctic Ocean is the smallest of the world's five oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and the recently delimited Southern Ocean). The Northwest Passage (US and Canada) and Northern Sea Route (Norway and Russia) are two important seasonal waterways. A sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes circumscribes the Arctic Ocean. Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Tourism continues to be important to the island's economy, although international business has overtaken it in recent years. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.
Birth rate - 11.83 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget - revenues: $671.1 million


expenditures: $594.6 million, including capital expenditures of $55 million (FY03/04)
Capital - Hamilton
Climate polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Coastline 45,389 km 103 km
Constitution - 8 June 1968, amended 1989 and 2003
Country name - conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Bermuda


former: Somers Islands
Currency - Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Death rate - 7.55 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external - $160 million (FY99/00)
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission: Deputy Chief of Mission Antoinette BOECKER


consulate(s) general: Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire DVO3


mailing address: P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, 5300 Hamilton Place, Washington, DC 20520-5300


telephone: [1] (441) 295-1342


FAX: [1] (441) 295-1592, [1] (441) 296-9233
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international some maritime disputes (see littoral states) none
Economic aid - recipient - NA
Economy - overview Economic activity is limited to the exploitation of natural resources, including petroleum, natural gas, fish, and seals. Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, equal to that of the US. Its economy is primarily based on providing financial services for international business and luxury facilities for tourists. The effects of 11 September 2001 have had both positive and negative ramifications for Bermuda. On the positive side, a number of new reinsurance companies have located on the island, contributing to the expansion of an already robust international business sector. On the negative side, Bermuda's tourism industry - which derives over 80% of its visitors from the US - was severely hit as American tourists chose not to travel. Tourism rebounded somewhat in 2002-03. Most capital equipment and food must be imported. Bermuda's industrial sector is small, although construction continues to be important; the average cost of a house in June 2003 had risen to $976,000. Agriculture is limited, only 6% of the land being arable.
Electricity - consumption - 598.6 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production - 643.7 million kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Fram Basin -4,665 m


highest point: sea level 0 m		 lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Town Hill 76 m
Environment - current issues endangered marine species include walruses and whales; fragile ecosystem slow to change and slow to recover from disruptions or damage; thinning polar icepack asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space; sustainable development
Ethnic groups - black 58%, white 36%, other 6%
Exchange rates - Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Executive branch - chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir John VEREKER (since NA April 2002)


head of government: Premier Alex SCOTT (since 24 July 2003); Deputy Premier Ewart BROWN


cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed premier by the governor
Exports - NA (2001)
Exports - commodities - reexports of pharmaceuticals
Exports - partners - France 62%, Norway 13.8%, UK 7.5% (2003)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description - red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP - purchasing power parity - $2.33 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 1%


industry: 10%


services: 89% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $36,000 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 2% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 90 00 N, 0 00 E 32 20 N, 64 45 W
Geography - note major chokepoint is the southern Chukchi Sea (northern access to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait); strategic location between North America and Russia; shortest marine link between the extremes of eastern and western Russia; floating research stations operated by the US and Russia; maximum snow cover in March or April about 20 to 50 centimeters over the frozen ocean; snow cover lasts about 10 months consists of about 138 coral islands and islets with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995
Highways - total: 450 km


paved: 450 km


unpaved: 0 km


note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports - NA (2001)
Imports - commodities - machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Imports - partners - Kazakhstan 46.7%, France 32.5%, US 8.5% (2003)
Independence - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate - NA
Industries - tourism, international business, light manufacturing
Infant mortality rate - total: 8.79 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 10.45 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 7.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 3.3% (mid-2003 est.)
International organization participation - Caricom (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, UPU, WCO, Egmont Group, Caribbean Financial Action Task Force
Irrigated land - NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Labor force - 37,470 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture and fishing 3%, laborers 17%, clerical 22%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 13%, sales 8%, services 20% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries - 0 km
Land use - arable land: 20%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 80% (55% developed, 45% rural/open space) (2001)
Languages - English (official), Portuguese
Legal system - English law
Legislative branch - bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor, the premier, and the opposition) and the House of Assembly (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve up to five-year terms)


elections: last general election held 24 July 2003 (next to be held NA July 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - PLP 51.7%, UBP 48%; seats by party - PLP 22, UBP 14
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 77.6 years


male: 75.54 years


female: 79.7 years (2004 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98%


male: 98%


female: 99% (1970 est.)
Location body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)
Map references Arctic Region North America
Maritime claims - territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 94 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 4,845,326 GRT/6,501,782 DWT


by type: bulk 25, cargo 4, container 17, liquefied gas 9, passenger 6, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 11, roll on/roll off 10, short-sea/passenger 3


foreign-owned: Croatia 5, Germany 2, Greece 21, Hong Kong 9, Indonesia 1, Sweden 6, Switzerland 1, United Kingdom 33, United States 12


registered in other countries: 2 (2004 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches - Bermuda Regiment
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $4.03 million (2001)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.11% (FY00/01)
National holiday - Bermuda Day, 24 May
Nationality - noun: Bermudian(s)


adjective: Bermudian
Natural hazards ice islands occasionally break away from northern Ellesmere Island; icebergs calved from glaciers in western Greenland and extreme northeastern Canada; permafrost in islands; virtually ice locked from October to June; ships subject to superstructure icing from October to May hurricanes (June to November)
Natural resources sand and gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales) limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Net migration rate - 2.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders - Gombey Liberation Party or GLP [Gavin Sundjata SMITH]; National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [William Alexander SCOTT]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Grant GIBBONS];
Political pressure groups and leaders - Bermuda Employer's Union [Eddie SAINTS]; Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Union or BPSU [Ed BALL]; Bermuda Union of Teachers [Michael CHARLES]
Population - 64,935 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line - 19% (2000)
Population growth rate - 0.68% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US) Hamilton, Saint George's, Dockyard
Radio broadcast stations - AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions - non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: good


domestic: modern, fully automatic telephone system


international: country code - 1-441; 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 56,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 37,873 (2003)
Television broadcast stations - 4 (2003)
Terrain central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that averages about 3 meters in thickness, although pressure ridges may be three times that size; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge) low hills separated by fertile depressions
Total fertility rate - 1.9 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Transportation - note sparse network of air, ocean, river, and land routes; the Northwest Passage (North America) and Northern Sea Route (Eurasia) are important seasonal waterways -
Unemployment rate - 5% (2002 est.)
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